Research

Energy balance

Lowering dietary energy density (ED) significantly reduces total energy intake in both children and adults without requiring portion size reduction.

To reduce calories without feeling hungry, focus on lowering the energy density of your meals. This means increasing the proportion of water-rich foods (like vegetables) and decreasing energy-dense components (like fats and sugars). You can eat the same amount of food by weight, or even more, while consuming significantly fewer calories.

GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
The meta-analysis of 38 included studies demonstrated that lowering ED considerably reduced energy intake – 223 kcal (95% CI: – 259.7, – 186.0) in comparison to the higher ED interventions.
Bea Klos et al. · European Journal of Nutrition · 2022

Why this rating

Based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of 38 RCTs, though heterogeneity was high.

Source

Impact of energy density on energy intake in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Bea Klos et al. · European Journal of Nutrition · 2022

DOI 10.1007/s00394-022-03054-z

Meta-analysis · 38 studiesCited 23×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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