Research

Mixed

The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) quantifies the inflammatory potential of a diet by scoring 45 food parameters against a global composite database, where higher scores indicate a maximally pro-inflammatory diet and lower scores indicate a maximally anti-inflammatory diet.

To use the DII, you need detailed dietary data (like a 24-hour recall) covering 45 specific nutrients and food components. The score is calculated by comparing your intake of these items to a global average. A high positive score means your diet is likely pro-inflammatory (linked to chronic disease risk), while a negative score means it is anti-inflammatory. This tool is best used by health professionals to assess dietary patterns in epidemiological or clinical settings rather than as a simple daily checklist for individuals.

GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
The DII reflects both a robust literature base and standardization of individual intakes to global referent values. The success of this first-of-a-kind attempt at relating intakes of inflammation-modulating foods relative to global norms sets the stage for use of the DII in a wide variety of epidemiological and clinical studies.
Nitin Shivappa et al. · Public Health Nutrition · 2013

Why this rating

Based on a massive literature review (1943 articles) and standardization against global population data, though it is a scoring algorithm derivation rather than a primary clinical trial.

Source

Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index

Nitin Shivappa et al. · Public Health Nutrition · 2013

DOI 10.1017/s1368980013002115

narrative_reviewCited 2,611×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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