Research

Mixed

Dietary composition directly and rapidly alters gut microbiome composition, with plant-based diets increasing beneficial SCFA-producing bacteria (Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli) and animal-based/high-fat diets increasing bile-tolerant anaerobes (Bacteroides, Bilophila) and pro-inflammatory pathways.

Focus on the type of food rather than just calories. Plant-based proteins (pea, whey) and fibers increase beneficial bacteria that produce anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids. Animal proteins and high saturated fats tend to increase bile-tolerant bacteria linked to inflammation. Prioritize whole food sources of carbohydrates (fiber) over artificial sweeteners to support a healthy microbiome.

GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
consumption of particular types of food produces predictable shifts in existing host bacterial genera... acute change in diet... alters microbial composition within just 24 h of initiation... counts of bile-tolerant anaerobes such as Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Bilophila were noted to increase with consumption of animal-based protein
Rasnik Singh et al. · Journal of Translational Medicine · 2017

Why this rating

Review of multiple human and animal studies, though heterogeneity exists.

Source

Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health

Rasnik Singh et al. · Journal of Translational Medicine · 2017

DOI 10.1186/s12967-017-1175-y

narrative_reviewCited 2,580×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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