Mixed

Diagnosing malnutrition in adults requires the presence of at least one phenotypic criterion (non-volitional weight loss, low BMI, or reduced muscle mass) AND at least one etiologic criterion (reduced food intake/assimilation or disease burden/inflammation).

To diagnose malnutrition, you cannot rely on just one factor. You must find evidence of physical change (like weight loss, low BMI, or muscle loss) AND evidence of a cause (like poor eating or active inflammation/disease). Both must be present.