Research
Energy balance
Exercise and pharmacological activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1alpha, thereby improving insulin sensitivity.
Engage in regular exercise to activate AMPK and boost mitochondrial biogenesis, which helps improve how your body handles insulin and glucose.
GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
Exercise stimulates AMPK, leading to activation of PGC-1 by direct phosphorylation on threonine and serine residues. This phosphorylation event may ultimately promote mitochondrial biogenesis.
Why this rating
Supported by multiple studies cited in the review regarding AMPK and PGC-1alpha.
Source
Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Insulin Resistance
Jeong‐a Kim et al. · Circulation Research · 2008
DOI 10.1161/circresaha.107.165472
narrative_reviewCited 1,105×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by reduced oxidative capacity and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, is a central cause of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.Good
- Elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) lead to intracellular lipid accumulation (diacylglycerol and triglycerides) in non-adipose tissues, which activates serine kinases (PKC, IKK, JNK) that phosphorylate IRS proteins, inhibiting insulin signaling and causing insulin resistance.Good
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