Mixed

Phytochemicals provide health benefits through specific biochemical mechanisms, but efficacy must be demonstrated in vivo, as in vitro and animal studies alone are insufficient to claim disease prevention in humans.

Do not rely on isolated phytochemical supplements to treat or prevent disease based solely on lab studies. While plant compounds like polyphenols and terpenes have known mechanisms (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory), their actual benefit in humans depends on absorption and metabolism. Focus on whole food sources (fruits, vegetables, grains) rather than isolated extracts, as the synergy and bioavailability in whole foods are better understood than in isolated nutraceuticals.