Hormonal
Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue, driven by M1 macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), directly causes insulin resistance and contributes to the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes.
For obese individuals, reducing body fat is critical not just for weight loss, but to reduce the chronic inflammation in fat tissue that blocks insulin. This inflammation directly impairs how your body uses glucose, increasing the risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Weight loss interventions that reduce this inflammation can improve insulin sensitivity.
In obesity, adipose tissue macrophages are polarized into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and secrete many pro-inflammatory cytokines capable of impairing insulin signaling, therefore promoting the progression of insulin resistance.
Why this rating
The paper cites extensive human and animal studies, genetic ablation models, and clinical correlations.
Source
Chronic Adipose Tissue Inflammation Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes
Federica Zatterale et al. · Frontiers in Physiology · 2020
DOI 10.3389/fphys.2019.01607
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