Research
Hormonal
High coffee consumption during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of low birth weight, preterm birth, and pregnancy loss.
If you are pregnant, high coffee consumption is linked to risks like low birth weight and preterm birth. It is advisable to limit intake or avoid high levels of consumption during pregnancy.
ModerateRefutesMEDIUM confidence
except in pregnancy, where high versus low/no consumption was associated with low birth weight (odds ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.67), preterm birth in the first (1.22, 1.00 to 1.49) and second (1.12, 1.02 to 1.22) trimester, and pregnancy loss (1.46, 1.06 to 1.99).
Why this rating
Based on meta-analyses of observational studies.
Source
Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes
Robin Poole et al. · BMJ · 2017
DOI 10.1136/bmj.j5024
Meta-analysis · 218 studiesCited 800×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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