Research

Energy balance

The doubly labeled water method provides a valid and accurate measurement of energy expenditure in free-living humans when using moderate isotope doses and correcting for isotopic fractionation.

For accurate energy expenditure tracking in free-living individuals, the doubly labeled water method is the most reliable non-restrictive tool available, provided that moderate isotope doses are used and proper corrections for isotopic fractionation are applied.

StrongSupportsHIGH confidence
The doubly labeled water method represents a valuable nonrestrictive method for measuring energy expenditure in free-living subjects.
Dale A. Schoeller et al. · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · 1986

Why this rating

High-precision validation study with multiple subjects and comparison to gold-standard respiratory gas exchange.

Source

Energy expenditure by doubly labeled water: validation in humans and proposed calculation

Dale A. Schoeller et al. · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · 1986

DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.5.r823

rct · n=9Cited 686×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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