Energy balance
PGC-1β stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration more potently than PGC-1α at similar mRNA levels, but maintains tighter coupling (less proton leak).
Your muscles use different strategies to handle energy. PGC-1β helps build a larger number of mitochondria that are highly efficient at producing ATP (low leak). This is useful when you need maximum power output. PGC-1α, conversely, builds fewer mitochondria that are 'leakier' (produce heat), which may offer protection against oxidative stress. The balance of these two proteins determines your muscle's metabolic personality.
Indeed, it is more potent in this regard than PGC-1α at similar levels of mRNA, even though several genes are induced by both coactivators to a similar extent.
Why this rating
Supported by electron microscopy and respiration kinetics in cell culture and transgenic models.
Source
Bioenergetic Analysis of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Coactivators 1α and 1β (PGC-1α and PGC-1β) in Muscle Cells
Julie St‐Pierre et al. · Journal of Biological Chemistry · 2003
DOI 10.1074/jbc.m301850200
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