High-fat Western diets promote gut dysbiosis characterized by increased Gram-negative bacteria, leading to metabolic endotoxemia (circulating LPS), systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance.

high-fat diet has shown to increase the proportion of Gram-negative species in gut microbiota, thus, contributing to an increased intestinal absorption of bacterial fragments, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). As a consequence, the increased levels of circulating LPS lead to a condition defined as 'metabolic endotoxemia'... The experimentally induced endotoxemia in mice leads to body weight gain, fasted hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, similar to that observed on high-fat-fed mice