Research
Hormonal
Chronic low-grade inflammation, driven by obesity and characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, CRP), directly interferes with insulin signaling pathways, contributing to insulin resistance.
Chronic low-grade inflammation, common in obesity, disrupts insulin signaling. Anti-inflammatory lifestyle strategies (e.g., Mediterranean diet, regular exercise, stress management) can help reduce this inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity.
GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
In the obese state induced by diet, there is a significant increase in lipid accumulation and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by adipocytes and macrophages... which induce insulin resistance through multiple mechanisms, including activation of Ser/Thr kinases, decreasing IRS-1, GLUT4, and PPARg expression...
Why this rating
Well-supported by mechanistic studies cited in the review.
Source
The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease
Xuefei Zhao et al. · Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2023
DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149239
narrative_reviewCited 505×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Insulin resistance (IR) is a central pathophysiological mechanism that drives the development and progression of multiple metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and certain cancers.Good
- Obesity, particularly central/visceral obesity, is a primary cause of insulin resistance through mechanisms involving increased free fatty acids, chronic inflammation, and adipokine dysregulation.Good
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