Research

Mixed

Exercise is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder, with walking/jogging, yoga, and strength training showing moderate to large reductions in symptoms compared to active controls.

Exercise is a valid, evidence-based treatment for depression, comparable to medication and therapy. For best results, choose modalities like walking, jogging, yoga, or strength training. While vigorous intensity yields stronger effects, even light activity provides clinically meaningful benefits. Prioritize modalities you find tolerable, such as yoga or strength training, to ensure adherence.

LimitedSupportsLOW confidence
Compared with active controls (eg, usual care, placebo tablet), moderate reductions in depression were found for walking or jogging... yoga... strength training... mixed aerobic exercises... and tai chi or qigong.
Michael Noetel et al. · BMJ · 2024

Why this rating

Large sample size (14,170 participants) but confidence rated 'low' or 'very low' due to high risk of bias (lack of blinding) in primary studies.

Source

Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Michael Noetel et al. · BMJ · 2024

DOI 10.1136/bmj-2023-075847

Meta-analysis · 218 studiesCited 502×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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