Research
Hormonal
General obesity is associated with significantly elevated serum levels of both pro-inflammatory (IL-5, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines compared to non-obese individuals.
Obesity is linked to higher levels of various inflammatory markers in your blood, including both 'bad' (pro-inflammatory) and 'good' (anti-inflammatory) cytokines. This suggests a complex immune state rather than just simple inflammation.
ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
General obesity was associated with significantly elevated levels of IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ and TNF-α
Why this rating
Cross-sectional design, but large sample size and objective measurements.
Source
Inflammatory Cytokines in General and Central Obesity and Modulating Effects of Physical Activity
Frank Schmidt et al. · PLoS ONE · 2015
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0121971
cross_sectional · n=200Cited 471×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
Related findings · Hormonal
- Initial treatment for type 2 diabetes should be a combination of metformin and either an SGLT-2 inhibitor or a GLP-1 receptor agonist to achieve cardiorenal protection, rather than monotherapy or older agents like sulfonylureas.Strong
- For patients with specific monogenic obesity syndromes (leptin deficiency, POMC/PCSK1/LEPR mutations), targeted pharmacotherapy (recombinant leptin or setmelanotide) is highly effective and should be prioritized, unlike in polygenic obesity.Strong
- Continued weekly administration of 2.4 mg subcutaneous semaglutide prevents weight regain and promotes further weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity, whereas switching to placebo results in significant weight regain.Strong
This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →