Research

Hormonal

Elevated circulating levels of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) serve as a robust prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular mortality, heart failure severity, and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

If you have diabetes or heart disease, ask your doctor about GDF-15 testing if it is available, as it may provide better risk stratification than standard markers alone. Focus on reducing the underlying stressors: manage blood glucose, control blood pressure, and reduce inflammation through lifestyle changes, as these factors drive GDF-15 elevation.

GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
Higher level of GDF-15 is associated with increased cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality; it plays pivotal role in development and progression of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, coronary artery diseases, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, cancer, and cognitive impairment
Ramu Adela et al. · Journal of Diabetes Research · 2015

Why this rating

The paper cites multiple large-scale human cohort studies (e.g., Dallas Heart Study, Framingham Offspring) and clinical trials, though it is a review article summarizing observational data.

Source

GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective

Ramu Adela et al. · Journal of Diabetes Research · 2015

DOI 10.1155/2015/490842

narrative_reviewCited 466×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →