Research
Micronutrients & recovery
Higher dietary and supplemental calcium intake is associated with a significantly lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older women, whereas vitamin D intake shows no independent association after adjusting for calcium.
For middle-aged and older women, prioritizing calcium intake through diet (especially dairy products) is associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. Increasing vitamin D intake alone, without addressing calcium, did not show independent benefits in this study.
ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Our results indicate that intakes of calcium and dairy products may be associated with lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older women... In contrast, neither total (P for trend > 0.13) nor supplemental (P for trend > 0.45) vitamin D was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome.
Why this rating
Large cohort (n=10,066) with rigorous multivariable adjustment, but cross-sectional design limits causal inference.
Source
Dietary Calcium, Vitamin D, and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Older U.S. Women
Simin Liu et al. · Diabetes Care · 2005
cohort · n=10066Cited 444×
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