Research
Mixed
High vegetable intake is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Japanese women, but this association is not observed in men.
For Japanese women, increasing vegetable intake is associated with a lower risk of dying from heart disease. For men in this specific population, no such link was found. This suggests that while vegetables are generally healthy, their protective effect against heart disease mortality may be sex-dependent.
ModerateQualifiesMEDIUM confidence
These data suggest that higher intake of vegetables is associated with reduced risk of death from CVD for women. In men, CVD death was not associated with fruit... and vegetable... intake.
Why this rating
Prospective cohort study with large sample size and validated FFQ, but observational design limits causal inference.
Source
Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Mortality
Dong D. Wang et al. · Circulation · 2021
DOI 10.1161/circulationaha.120.048996
cohort · n=29079Cited 421×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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