Research
Energy balance
PPARβ/δ activation improves both lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity by promoting fatty acid oxidation, fiber type switching in muscle, and energy expenditure.
PPARβ/δ drugs are in development and show promise for treating both high lipids and insulin resistance by increasing energy use and improving muscle function. They are not yet available for clinical use.
ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
PPARβ/δ agonism combines the metabolic effects of PPARα and PPARγ activation on lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, respectively... PPARβ/δ activation protects from diet-induced or genetically induced obesity in mice by increasing energy expenditure.
Why this rating
Based on preclinical studies (mice, monkeys, rats) and early-phase human trials (GW501516, Seladelpar).
Source
Distinct but complementary contributions of PPAR isotypes to energy homeostasis
Vanessa Dubois et al. · Journal of Clinical Investigation · 2017
DOI 10.1172/jci88894
narrative_reviewCited 373×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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- PPARα activation via fibrates improves lipid profiles (lowering triglycerides and raising HDL-C) but does not improve glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes.Good
- PPARγ activation via thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity but causes adverse effects including weight gain, edema, and increased fracture risk.Good
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