Research

Energy balance

Maintaining a body mass index (BMI) in the lower normal range (21-23 kg/m2) and engaging in regular physical activity significantly decreases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

To prevent type 2 diabetes, prioritize keeping your BMI between 21 and 23 and stay physically active. While specific diets (low fat, low carb, high fiber) have some benefits, the strongest evidence supports weight management and exercise. Aim for regular, vigorous activity if possible, and avoid abdominal obesity. This is the most reliable way to lower your risk.

StrongSupportsHIGH confidence
There is convincing evidence for a decreased risk of diabetes in adults who are physically active and maintain a normal body mass index (BMI) throughout adulthood... it is recommended that a normal weight status in the lower BMI range (BMI 21 –23) and regular physical activity be maintained throughout adulthood
NP Steyn et al. · Public Health Nutrition · 2004

Why this rating

Based on long-term cohort studies and clinical trials (Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, US Diabetes Prevention Program) cited as providing 'convincing evidence'.

Source

Diet, nutrition and the prevention of type 2 diabetes

NP Steyn et al. · Public Health Nutrition · 2004

DOI 10.1079/phn2003586

narrative_reviewCited 366×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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