Research

Energy balance

A pro-inflammatory diet is associated with higher risk of obesity and increased body mass index (BMI).

To manage weight, choose foods that are both anti-inflammatory and nutrient-dense. Avoid ultra-processed foods which are often high in calories and inflammatory. Focus on whole fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins.

ModerateQualifiesMEDIUM confidence
a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of obesity (pooled odds ratio (OR): 1.31; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.50; n = 4 studies) and mean BMI (mean difference: 0.81 kg/m2; 95% CI: 0.37, 1.26 kg/m2; n = 22 studies)
Catherine M. Phillips et al. · Nutrients · 2019

Why this rating

Meta-analysis shows association, but high heterogeneity and cross-sectional designs limit causal inference.

Source

Dietary Inflammatory Index and Non-Communicable Disease Risk: A Narrative Review

Catherine M. Phillips et al. · Nutrients · 2019

DOI 10.3390/nu11081873

narrative_reviewCited 339×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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