Research

Energy balance

Skeletal muscle contributes to facultative thermogenesis in humans through mitochondrial uncoupling, mediated by the thyroid hormone axis and sympathetic nervous system, potentially acting as a major contributor to resting energy expenditure alongside BAT.

Your skeletal muscles also play a role in burning calories at rest, not just during exercise. This process, called mitochondrial uncoupling, is influenced by your nervous system and thyroid hormones. While less studied than brown fat, it suggests that maintaining muscle mass and metabolic health can support your overall energy expenditure.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
It is likely that at least a substantial part of NST can be attributed to BAT, but it is possible that other tissues contribute to NST. Several studies on mitochondrial uncoupling indicate that skeletal muscle is another potential contributor to facultative thermogenesis in humans.
Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt et al. · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · 2011

Why this rating

The paper states the role is 'unclear' and based on 'limited available literature' and animal studies, though human data is emerging.

Source

Implications of nonshivering thermogenesis for energy balance regulation in humans

Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt et al. · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · 2011

DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.00652.2010

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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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