Micronutrients & recovery
Calcium and vitamin D supplementation (1,000 mg/400 IU) does not increase the risk of cardiovascular events (MI, stroke, CHD) in postmenopausal women, contradicting claims of adverse cardiovascular effects.
You do not need to avoid calcium and vitamin D supplements due to fear of heart attacks. This study of over 36,000 women found no increase in heart attacks, strokes, or other cardiovascular diseases with 1,000 mg calcium and 400 IU vitamin D3 daily. The primary benefit is bone health, specifically for those who do not already take these supplements.
Supplementation effects were not apparent on the risks of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, total heart disease, stroke, overall cardiovascular disease...
Why this rating
RCT data with large sample size, though some earlier re-analyses suggested interaction effects which this paper disputes.
Source
Health risks and benefits from calcium and vitamin D supplementation: Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and cohort study
Ross L. Prentice et al. · Osteoporosis International · 2012
DOI 10.1007/s00198-012-2224-2
More from this paper
- Long-term calcium (1,000 mg) and vitamin D3 (400 IU) supplementation reduces hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women who do not take personal supplements at baseline, with a hazard ratio of 0.62 after 5+ years.Good
- Calcium and vitamin D supplementation (1,000 mg/400 IU) is associated with a modest reduction in urinary tract stone risk in adherent users, though the overall risk increase is small (HR 1.17).Good
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This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →