Research

Micronutrients & recovery

Calcium and vitamin D supplementation (1,000 mg/400 IU) does not increase the risk of cardiovascular events (MI, stroke, CHD) in postmenopausal women, contradicting claims of adverse cardiovascular effects.

You do not need to avoid calcium and vitamin D supplements due to fear of heart attacks. This study of over 36,000 women found no increase in heart attacks, strokes, or other cardiovascular diseases with 1,000 mg calcium and 400 IU vitamin D3 daily. The primary benefit is bone health, specifically for those who do not already take these supplements.

GoodRefutesHIGH confidence
Supplementation effects were not apparent on the risks of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, total heart disease, stroke, overall cardiovascular disease...
Ross L. Prentice et al. · Osteoporosis International · 2012

Why this rating

RCT data with large sample size, though some earlier re-analyses suggested interaction effects which this paper disputes.

Source

Health risks and benefits from calcium and vitamin D supplementation: Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and cohort study

Ross L. Prentice et al. · Osteoporosis International · 2012

rct · n=36282Cited 293×
Read the paper

This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →