Hormonal
Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) regulate host appetite by binding to G-protein-coupled receptors (FFAR2/FFAR3) to stimulate the secretion of anorexigenic hormones (GLP-1, PYY) and directly acting on hypothalamic neurons.
To leverage gut bacteria for appetite control, consume diverse sources of dietary fiber that ferment into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These metabolites signal satiety hormones like GLP-1 and PYY. Because responses vary by individual microbiota and fiber type, focus on consistent, varied fiber intake rather than a single 'magic' fiber source.
SCFAs can inhibit appetite by binding to the free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2, GRP43), which further activates the release of GLP-1, PYY, insulin, and leptin to signal to appetite system... gut-derived SCFAs entering the bloodstream can also cross the BBB and directly affect appetite-related neurons in the brain.
Why this rating
The paper is a review summarizing multiple studies (animal and human) with inconsistent outcomes, particularly regarding long-term effects and specific SCFA types.
Source
From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators
Hui Han et al. · Microbiome · 2021
DOI 10.1186/s40168-021-01093-y
More from this paper
- Gut microbiota-derived bacterial protein ClpB acts as a molecular mimic of alpha-MSH, directly activating anorexigenic neurons and stimulating the secretion of satiety hormones (PYY, GLP-1) to induce satiety.Moderate
- Gut microbiota modulate appetite by influencing the metabolism of Tryptophan (Trp) into serotonin (5-HT) and indole derivatives, which regulate satiety and intestinal permeability.Limited
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