Energy balance

Using individualized Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) based on self-reported physical activity provides a more accurate and sensitive estimation of dietary under-reporting than population-based cut-offs (like the Goldberg method) which assume a sedentary lifestyle.

When analyzing dietary data for health or weight outcomes, do not rely solely on simple population cut-offs to identify 'under-reporters.' Instead, use individualized Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) that incorporate each person's specific physical activity level. This approach reduces bias, particularly for active individuals, and provides a more accurate picture of true energy intake relative to expenditure.