Research

Mixed

Higher baseline circulating levels of the gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are independently associated with a significantly increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular events (CVEs) and all-cause mortality.

High blood levels of TMAO are a strong warning sign for future heart problems and death, especially in people with existing heart or kidney disease. While you cannot directly 'dose' TMAO, you can influence it through diet (red meat/eggs increase it, seafood may not) and kidney health. If you have cardiovascular risk factors, discussing TMAO testing with your doctor might provide additional prognostic information, though it is not yet a standard screening tool for everyone.

GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
Higher circulating TMAO was associated with a 23% higher risk of CVEs (HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07–1.42, I2 = 31.4%) and a 55% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.19–2.02, I2 = 80.8%).
Jiaqian Qi et al. · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · 2017

Why this rating

Meta-analysis of 11 prospective cohort studies with moderate-to-high quality scores, though heterogeneity and publication bias were noted.

Source

Circulating trimethylamine N‐oxide and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 11 prospective cohort studies

Jiaqian Qi et al. · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · 2017

DOI 10.1111/jcmm.13307

Meta-analysis · 11 studiesCited 263×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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