Research

Micronutrients & recovery

Vitamin B12 deficiency is highly prevalent in vegetarian and vegan pregnant women, increasing in the third trimester, and poses a risk for neural tube defects and neurological impairment if not supplemented.

Vitamin B12 is critical for your baby's brain development. If you are vegan or vegetarian, you are at high risk for deficiency, especially in the third trimester. You likely need a B12 supplement or consistent intake of fortified foods. Do not rely on 'healthy eating' alone, as plant sources are scarce. Get your levels tested.

ModerateSupportsHIGH confidence
The prevalence of B12 deficiency... was 17% and 38%, respectively... The higher deficiency in vegetarian pregnant women in the third trimester pointed out a depletion of vitamin B12 stores
Giorgia Sebastiani et al. · Nutrients · 2019

Why this rating

Based on observational cohort studies (PREFORM, Koebnick) showing high prevalence, but no RCTs on supplementation outcomes in vegans.

Source

The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diet during Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Offspring

Giorgia Sebastiani et al. · Nutrients · 2019

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