Research

Energy balance

Energy intake is more critical than protein intake for maintaining nitrogen equilibrium and lean body mass during training.

Ensure you are eating enough total calories to support your training. If you are not gaining muscle, increasing your total energy intake may be more effective than simply adding more protein.

GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
There is evidence to suggest that energy intake is, in fact, more important for maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium than protein intake.
Kevin D. Tipton et al. · Journal of Sports Sciences · 2003

Why this rating

Supported by multiple studies cited (Butterfield, Gater, Forbes), though the paper notes limitations in long-term studies.

Source

Protein and amino acids for athletes

Kevin D. Tipton et al. · Journal of Sports Sciences · 2003

DOI 10.1080/0264041031000140554

narrative_reviewCited 256×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →