Mixed

Low socioeconomic position (proxied by low education) is independently associated with accelerated biological aging, as measured by epigenetic clocks (Horvath, Hannum, Levine) and stochastic epigenetic mutations (SEMs), with effect sizes comparable to major lifestyle risk factors like obesity and alcohol intake, though smoking has a stronger impact.

Your socioeconomic background, often measured by education level, has a measurable, independent impact on your biological aging speed, distinct from your daily habits. While you cannot change your past, this biological 'memory' is not entirely fixed; improving social conditions and managing lifestyle factors (especially avoiding smoking, which has the strongest epigenetic impact) can mitigate acceleration. Focus on controllable lifestyle levers, as they significantly influence epigenetic clocks.