Research

Mixed

The rapid global shift from water/milk to sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods has created an energy imbalance that human biology, evolved for scarcity and water, cannot compensate for.

Understand that your environment is designed to make you overeat. The rapid availability of cheap, calorie-dense, liquid foods exploits an evolutionary biology built for scarcity. This is not a personal failure; it is a systemic issue. Focus on changing your immediate environment (e.g., removing SSBs) to align with your biology.

ModerateSupportsHIGH confidence
The collision between human biology, shaped over the millennia and modern technology, globalization, government policies and food industry practices have worked to create far-reaching energy imbalance across the globe... Our biology, shaped over millennia by daily consumption of water and seasonal availability of food, was not ready to compensate for the liquid energies.
Barry M. Popkin · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · 2010

Why this rating

This is a review paper synthesizing trends and historical data rather than a primary experimental study, but the consensus is strong.

Source

Contemporary nutritional transition: determinants of diet and its impact on body composition

Barry M. Popkin · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · 2010

DOI 10.1017/s0029665110003903

narrative_reviewCited 233×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →