Research

Mixed

High consumption of whole-grain bread is associated with lower circulating levels of inflammatory (hs-CRP) and oxidative stress (GGT, ALT) biomarkers.

Incorporate whole-grain bread into your diet. This study links higher consumption of whole-grain bread to lower levels of inflammatory markers (hs-CRP) and oxidative stress indicators (GGT, ALT). While the effect size is modest, it suggests a protective benefit against chronic disease risk factors.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
higher consumption of whole-grain bread was significantly (P trend <0.05) associated with lower levels of GGT, ALT and hs-CRP
Jukka Montonen et al. · European Journal of Nutrition · 2012

Why this rating

Cross-sectional observational study; associations are significant but causal inference is limited by design.

Source

Consumption of red meat and whole-grain bread in relation to biomarkers of obesity, inflammation, glucose metabolism and oxidative stress

Jukka Montonen et al. · European Journal of Nutrition · 2012

DOI 10.1007/s00394-012-0340-6

cross_sectional · n=2198Cited 231×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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