Hormonal
Regulatory T (Treg) cells exert an attenuating effect on insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation in NAFLD and obesity, primarily through the secretion of inhibitory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta and PPAR-gamma-dependent functionality.
In obesity and NAFLD, the body's natural regulatory T cells (Tregs) are often depleted or dysfunctional, contributing to insulin resistance and liver damage. Restoring Treg function (e.g., via PPAR-gamma agonists like pioglitazone in clinical settings) can improve glucose tolerance and reduce liver inflammation. Lifestyle interventions that reduce adipose tissue inflammation may help preserve Treg numbers.
Th2, Th22, and Treg cells seem to decrease insulin resistance... Concerning NAFLD, both Th22 and Treg cells appear to have an overall tempering effect... Treg cells exert this function by the production of the inhibitory cytokines IL-10 and TGFbeta... Treg functionality in VAT is PPARgamma dependent
Why this rating
Supported by multiple animal gain-of-function/loss-of-function studies and human observational data showing correlation with insulin resistance, though human interventional data is limited.
Source
The Differential Roles of T Cells in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity
Mikhaïl A. Van Herck et al. · Frontiers in Immunology · 2019
DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00082
More from this paper
- Th17 cells promote liver inflammation, fibrosis, and insulin resistance in NAFLD and obesity, primarily through IL-17 secretion which stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokine release and hepatic stellate cell activation.Good
- IL-22, produced by Th22 cells, has a beneficial effect on NAFLD by alleviating steatosis and reducing transaminase levels through STAT3-mediated mechanisms, although its role in obesity pathogenesis is complex and context-dependent.Moderate
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