Mixed

Dietary restriction extends lifespan in laboratory model species (yeast, nematodes, flies, rodents) by reducing both age-dependent and age-independent mortality rates, but this effect is significantly attenuated or absent in non-model species and males.

Dietary restriction can extend lifespan in model organisms, but the benefit is not universal. It appears stronger in females and specific lab-adapted species. For humans, the balance of protein to calories matters more than total calories alone. Do not assume lab results translate directly to wild-type human physiology without considering sex and genetic background.