Research

Hormonal

Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha are somnogenic; their expression increases with waking activity and sleep deprivation, and they promote non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep and slow-wave activity (SWA).

Prioritize sleep hygiene not just for rest, but to regulate inflammation. Chronic wakefulness or poor sleep increases pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, which can disrupt sleep architecture and overall health. Managing inflammation through lifestyle may improve sleep, and good sleep helps manage inflammation.

GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
Pro-inflammatory cytokines tend to promote sleep and SWA while anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), tend to attenuate sleep and SWA responses induced by sleep promoting stimuli including sleep deprivation, pathogens, orpathogenic components.
Mark R. Zielinski et al. · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · 2022

Why this rating

The paper is a review citing numerous animal and human studies, but it does not present new primary clinical trial data.

Source

Neuroinflammation, Sleep, and Circadian Rhythms

Mark R. Zielinski et al. · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · 2022

DOI 10.3389/fcimb.2022.853096

narrative_reviewCited 227×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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