Research
Hormonal
Gut hormones including GLP-1, PYY, and OXM are anorexigenic (appetite-suppressing) and are released in higher amounts after GI surgery, contributing to weight loss, whereas Ghrelin (orexigenic) levels are often reduced.
Your gut releases hormones like GLP-1 and PYY that tell your brain you are full. GI surgery works by boosting these hormones. New medications mimic this effect to help you lose weight without surgery.
GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
Stimulated release of anorexigenic peptides such as CCK, PP, PYY, GLP-1, and OXM, and diminished release of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin, have been documented.
Why this rating
Supported by extensive review of multiple hormones and their effects.
Source
Appetite regulation and weight control: the role of gut hormones
Ben D. Perry et al. · Nutrition and Diabetes · 2012
DOI 10.1038/nutd.2011.21
narrative_reviewCited 214×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Gastrointestinal (GI) surgery is the only current treatment capable of achieving significant, long-term sustainable weight loss, primarily by altering the physiology and circulating levels of appetite-regulating gut hormones.Strong
- Obesity is associated with 'leptin resistance,' where high circulating levels of leptin fail to produce expected anorexigenic effects due to receptor over-stimulation and impaired transport across the blood-brain barrier.Good
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