Mixed
Dietary fiber (specifically fermentable fibers like pectin) reduces the production of indole, a precursor to the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate, by triggering catabolite repression of the tnaA gene in indole-producing gut bacteria (e.g., E. coli).
To support gut health and potentially reduce the production of harmful metabolites like indole, incorporate fermentable fibers (such as pectin found in apples) into your diet. This encourages beneficial bacteria to produce protective metabolites (ILA, IPA) and suppresses the production of indole, which is linked to chronic kidney disease risk.
Importantly, fibre-degrading Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron affected this competition by cross-feeding monosaccharides to E. coli. This inhibited indole production through catabolite repression, thus making more tryptophan available to C. sporogenes, resulting in increased ILA and IPA production.
Why this rating
Strong evidence from in vitro, gnotobiotic mouse, and human fecal culture models, though direct long-term human clinical outcomes on CKD are inferred from metabolite levels.
Source
Dietary fibre directs microbial tryptophan metabolism via metabolic interactions in the gut microbiota
Anurag Kumar Sinha et al. · Nature Microbiology · 2024
DOI 10.1038/s41564-024-01737-3
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