Research
Adherence
Nudging interventions that alter only the properties of fruit and vegetables (e.g., labeling, sizing, functional design) do not have a statistically significant overall effect on increasing selection.
Relying solely on changing labels, sizes, or design features of fruit and vegetables is unlikely to significantly increase their selection. These changes should be combined with strategic placement to be effective.
ModerateRefutesLOW confidence
The overall effect of nudging by altering properties of a product is not significant (P = 0.220, d = 0.13 [95% CI = -0.074 to 0.323]).
Why this rating
Based on only two studies in this subgroup, limiting the strength of the conclusion.
Source
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of nudging to increase fruit and vegetable choice
Valérie Broers et al. · European Journal of Public Health · 2017
DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckx085
Meta-analysis · 14 studiesCited 210×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Nudging interventions that alter the physical placement of fruit and vegetables (e.g., proximity, availability) significantly increase the likelihood of consumers selecting them, demonstrating a medium effect size.Good
- Nudging interventions that combine altering both the properties and the placement of fruit and vegetables yield a significant, medium effect size on increasing selection.Good
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