Hormonal
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) via cold exposure, beta-3 agonists, or specific hormonal mediators (FGF21, IL-6, BMPs) improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in humans and rodents.
To leverage brown fat for metabolic health, expose yourself to mild cold (around 19°C or 66°F) for extended periods (e.g., 12 hours). This activates BAT, increasing energy expenditure and improving insulin sensitivity through the release of hormones like FGF21. While beta-3 agonists work in rodents, they are not yet viable for humans, making cold exposure the primary practical tool.
several studies in both rodents and humans have shown that BAT activation (by cold exposure, β3-agonist treatment, transplantation and others) improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.
Why this rating
The paper cites multiple human studies (PET scans, cold exposure trials) and rodent models, but notes species differences for beta-3 agonists.
Source
Brown adipose tissue activity as a target for the treatment of obesity/insulin resistance
Anne-Laure Poher et al. · Frontiers in Physiology · 2015
DOI 10.3389/fphys.2015.00004
More from this paper
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) secreted by brown adipose tissue is required for the insulin-sensitizing effects of BAT transplantation, acting as a key 'batokine'.Good
- Chronic cold acclimation increases the volume and oxidative capacity of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in humans, leading to increased energy expenditure and improved insulin sensitivity.Good
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