Research
Hormonal
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GHT) is associated with alterations in blood pressure, with some studies showing increases in both transgender females and males, while others show decreases or no change depending on the formulation and duration of therapy.
Your blood pressure may change after starting hormones. It can go up or down depending on the type of hormone and how long you've been taking it. Regular monitoring is key to catching any changes early.
ModerateQualifiesMEDIUM confidence
Results from these studies are inconsistent, and alterations in BP may be dependent on factors such as GHT duration and age. GHT appears to elevate BP in both TGMs and TGFs in most studies. However, this may only be apparent with longer-term use.
Why this rating
The paper cites multiple prospective and retrospective studies with inconsistent results, noting that alterations may depend on GHT duration and age.
Source
Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy, Vascular Health and Cardiovascular Disease in Transgender Adults
Paul Connelly et al. · Hypertension · 2019
DOI 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13080
narrative_reviewCited 202×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GHT) with estrogen in transgender females (TGF) is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke compared to cisgender females, whereas testosterone therapy in transgender males (TGM) does not show consistent evidence of increased cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease risk.Moderate
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GHT) with estrogen in transgender females (TGF) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), whereas no increased risk of VTE has been demonstrated in transgender males (TGM).Moderate
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