Hormonal
In postmenopausal women, higher levels of estradiol (E2) and lower levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes, and these associations persist even after adjusting for adiposity and insulin resistance.
For postmenopausal women, both high estradiol and low SHBG are independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes, even if you are not overweight. These hormones may directly affect glucose metabolism. Monitoring these levels alongside standard metabolic markers can provide a more complete picture of diabetes risk.
The associations of E2 and SHBG with incident T2DM were partially explained by body mass index and insulin resistance but persisted in fully adjusted models (both P for trend <= 0.02).
Why this rating
Prospective cohort with robust adjustment for multiple confounders.
Source
The Association of Endogenous Sex Hormones, Adiposity, and Insulin Resistance with Incident Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women
Rita R. Kalyani et al. · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2009
DOI 10.1210/jc.2009-0910
More from this paper
- In postmenopausal women, higher levels of bioavailable testosterone are associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes, but this association is entirely mediated by adiposity (BMI) and insulin resistance.Good
- Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels are not associated with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women.Good
Related findings · Hormonal
- Initial treatment for type 2 diabetes should be a combination of metformin and either an SGLT-2 inhibitor or a GLP-1 receptor agonist to achieve cardiorenal protection, rather than monotherapy or older agents like sulfonylureas.Strong
- For patients with specific monogenic obesity syndromes (leptin deficiency, POMC/PCSK1/LEPR mutations), targeted pharmacotherapy (recombinant leptin or setmelanotide) is highly effective and should be prioritized, unlike in polygenic obesity.Strong
- Continued weekly administration of 2.4 mg subcutaneous semaglutide prevents weight regain and promotes further weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity, whereas switching to placebo results in significant weight regain.Strong
This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →