Mixed
Voluntary industry self-regulation and public-private partnerships are ineffective at reducing non-communicable disease (NCD) risk exposure and often serve to delay or prevent stricter statutory regulation.
Do not rely on voluntary industry pledges or 'healthy' marketing claims to manage NCD risk. These measures have been evaluated and found ineffective. Effective risk reduction requires statutory regulation, such as taxation, marketing restrictions, and clear labeling, enforced by public authorities rather than left to industry self-interest.
Despite common reliance on industry self-regulation [and public-private partnerships], there is no evidence of their effectiveness or safety
Why this rating
Based on a comprehensive review of multiple governance models and evaluations of specific initiatives (CAI, UK Responsibility Deal, SUN movement).
Source
Healthy people and healthy profits? Elaborating a conceptual framework for governing the commercial determinants of non-communicable diseases and identifying options for reducing risk exposure
Kent Buse et al. · Globalization and Health · 2017
DOI 10.1186/s12992-017-0255-3
Related findings · Mixed
- Bariatric surgery (VSG and RYGB) is the most effective and sustainable treatment for obesity, producing marked and sustained weight loss that non-surgical interventions cannot match.Strong
- Severely protein-deficient diets (2–3% energy) induce lean body mass loss and metabolic imbalance, whereas adequate protein intake (0.66 g/kg/d minimum) is a prerequisite for maintaining muscle, bone, and physiological function.Strong
- For patients with Class III obesity (BMI >39.9 kg/m2), metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) is significantly more effective than any currently approved medication, with BilioPancreatic Diversion (BPD) showing the highest estimated weight loss.Strong
This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →