Research
Hormonal
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes are associated with altered secretion patterns of enteroendocrine hormones, specifically decreased GLP-1 and PYY, and increased ghrelin.
In obesity and diabetes, your gut's natural hormone signals are often disrupted, with less 'satiety' hormone (GLP-1) and more 'hunger' hormone (ghrelin). This contributes to the difficulty in managing weight.
GoodQualifiesHIGH confidence
Obesity has been associated with low fasting GLP-1 levels and decreased postprandial GLP-1 response under conditions of dysregulated glycemic control [87].
Why this rating
The paper cites multiple studies showing these alterations.
Source
Intestinal Enteroendocrine Cells: Present and Future Druggable Targets
Roger Atanga et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2023
DOI 10.3390/ijms24108836
narrative_reviewCited 49×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide) and GLP-2 analogs (e.g., teduglutide) are FDA-approved interventions that treat obesity and short bowel syndrome by mimicking enteroendocrine cell hormone secretion.Strong
- Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) act as chemosensors that secrete hormones (e.g., GLP-1, PYY, CCK) in response to luminal nutrients, regulating appetite, glucose metabolism, and gut motility.Strong
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