Mixed
Dietary supplement intake in gym users is associated with a higher prevalence of slight alterations in liver (AST) and kidney (urea) function markers compared to non-users.
If you take dietary supplements regularly, get your liver (AST) and kidney (urea) markers checked periodically. While the changes found in this study were 'slight' and not necessarily damaging, they indicate that your organs are processing a higher load, and monitoring ensures you catch any trends early.
Individuals who intake dietary supplements showed a higher prevalence to present slight alterations in the AST enzyme and in the urea after adjustments for potential confounders.
Why this rating
Cross-sectional observational design with a relatively small subsample (n=242) for biomarkers; cannot establish causality.
Source
Liver and kidney function markers among gym users: the role of dietary supplement usage
Diene da Silva Schlickmann et al. · British Journal Of Nutrition · 2021
DOI 10.1017/s0007114521003652
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