Micronutrients & recovery

Deuterated water (D2O) ingestion is a valid and increasingly used method for measuring long-term muscle protein synthesis in humans, providing insights that complement acute tracer infusion methods.

For researchers, D2O is a reliable tool for measuring long-term muscle protein synthesis. For practitioners, this validates that consistent, long-term training and nutrition strategies are what drive muscle changes, rather than just acute post-workout spikes.