Research
Hormonal
Physiological levels of GIP promote fat accumulation and insulin resistance in the context of high-fat diets and aging, acting as a 'thrifty hormone' that stores nutrients.
In the context of a high-fat diet, your body's natural GIP hormone helps store fat and may contribute to insulin resistance. This is why blocking GIP (antagonism) can help reduce obesity, while stimulating it pharmacologically (agonism) works through different mechanisms like appetite suppression in the brain.
GoodQualifiesHIGH confidence
These results suggest that GIP is a thrifty hormone that efficiently stores nutrients absorbed from the intestinal tract. When an HFD is consumed, GIP promotes fat accumulation by increasing insulin secretion and enhanced IL-6 production from adipocytes and subsequent systemic inflammation.
Why this rating
Supported by multiple mouse models (GIPR KO, GIP-deficient) and human correlation studies.
Source
Physiology and clinical applications of GIP
Shunsuke Yamane et al. · Endocrine Journal · 2025
DOI 10.1507/endocrj.ej25-0087
narrative_reviewCited 7×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., tirzepatide) and triple agonists (e.g., retatrutide) produce significantly greater reductions in body weight and HbA1c compared to selective GLP-1 receptor agonists or placebo in individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity.Strong
- GIP secretion is robustly stimulated by dietary lipids (fats) via GPR40, GPR120, and GPR119 receptors, with fat inducing a threefold higher GIP response compared to an oral glucose tolerance test.Good
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