Research
Hormonal
GIP secretion is robustly stimulated by dietary lipids (fats) via GPR40, GPR120, and GPR119 receptors, with fat inducing a threefold higher GIP response compared to an oral glucose tolerance test.
Fats are the most potent natural trigger for GIP secretion, causing levels to rise three times higher than glucose. This secretion depends on specific receptors (GPR40/120/119) and bile acids.
GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
The peak increase in GIP levels in response to a high-fat meal (450 kcal containing 33.3% fat) is three times higher than that observed during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in healthy subjects, indicating that GIP is robustly stimulated by fat content in a mixed meal.
Why this rating
Supported by human and rodent studies.
Source
Physiology and clinical applications of GIP
Shunsuke Yamane et al. · Endocrine Journal · 2025
DOI 10.1507/endocrj.ej25-0087
narrative_reviewCited 7×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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- Physiological levels of GIP promote fat accumulation and insulin resistance in the context of high-fat diets and aging, acting as a 'thrifty hormone' that stores nutrients.Good
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