Hormonal
The ACE I/D genotype is a poor predictor of actual ACE enzyme activity and downstream exercise adaptations because it is in linkage disequilibrium with functional variants and does not consistently correlate with circulating Angiotensin II levels.
Do not rely solely on genetic testing (like ACE I/D) to predict your athletic potential or training response. These tests are often poor predictors of actual performance or muscle growth. Instead, focus on consistent training, proper nutrition, and recovery. If you are curious about your biology, direct measurement of enzyme activity (phenotyping) is more informative than genetic markers alone.
The indel is in strong linkage disequilibrium with coding variants such as G2350A (rs4343) and probably tags, rather than determines, ACE activity... Large genotype-related differences in ACE activity do not translate into parallel shifts in circulating Ang II
Why this rating
Supported by multiple citations in the review regarding linkage disequilibrium and Ang II dissociation.
Source
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme and exercise adaptations: Genetic variability, pharmacological modulation and future directions
Tórur Sjúrðarson et al. · The Journal of Physiology · 2025
DOI 10.1113/jp288202
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