Research
Mixed
Caffeine supplementation, while beneficial for endurance performance, may impair shooting accuracy in biathletes and should be used with caution.
Be cautious with caffeine. While it helps you ski faster, it might make your shooting less accurate. Test it in training to see how it affects your specific shooting performance before using it in competition.
ModerateQualifiesMEDIUM confidence
For example, caffeine is well established to improve endurance performance, but recent evidence indicates that it can reduce shooting accuracy in biathlon.
Why this rating
The paper cites 'recent evidence' but does not provide specific study details or effect sizes in the text.
Source
Nutritional Strategies for Olympic Biathletes: A Practical Review
Mateusz Gawełczyk et al. · Nutrients · 2025
DOI 10.3390/nu17213385
narrative_reviewCited 1×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Biathletes should consume 6–12 g/kg/day of carbohydrates, adjusted by training intensity, to maintain high carbohydrate availability and support glycogen resynthesis between sessions.Moderate
- Biathletes should consume a recovery meal containing approximately 0.3 g/kg of protein and 1.2 g/kg of carbohydrates immediately after key training sessions or races to optimize glycogen resynthesis and muscle repair.Moderate
- Biathletes should monitor iron and vitamin D levels, as deficiencies are common in endurance sports and can impair performance and health, even if general micronutrient deficiencies are less common in biathletes due to high caloric intake.Moderate
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