Research
Energy balance
In urban participants, the second FFQ generally underestimated energy, protein, and fat intake compared to the first FFQ and mean of dietary recalls.
Urban practitioners should be cautious when interpreting FFQ2 results for energy and macronutrient intake.
StrongRefutesmedium confidence
For urban participants, FFQ2 generally underestimated energy, protein and fat compared to the FFQ1 and mean of DRs.
Why this rating
Based on the study design with repeated measures.
Source
Development, reproducibility and validity of the food frequency questionnaire in the Poland arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study
Mahshid Dehghan et al. · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · 2012
DOI 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2012.01240.x
cohort · n=146Cited 119×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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