Research
Energy balance
The doubly labeled water method can provide accurate and reasonably precise information on carbon dioxide production, total body water, and water intake in free-living humans and many small animals.
This method can be reliably used to assess energy expenditure and hydration status in various populations.
StrongSupportsmedium confidence
Published studies indicate that, in its current forms, this technique can be used to provide accurate and reasonably precise information on carbon dioxide production, total body water, and water intake in free-living humans and many small animals.
Why this rating
Based on published studies referenced in the abstract.
Source
Use of the doubly labeled water method for measurement of energy expenditure, total body water, water intake, and metabolizable energy intake in humans and small animals
Susan B. Roberts · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · 1989
DOI 10.1139/y89-189
otherCited 77×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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