Research
Hormonal
Plasma TMAO, carnitine, crotonobetaine, and γ-butyrobetaine concentrations were positively associated with fasting insulin level.
Higher levels of these metabolites may indicate increased fasting insulin levels, which could inform dietary or lifestyle interventions.
StrongSupportsmedium confidence
In multivariable analyses, plasma TMAO, carnitine, crotonobetaine, and γ-butyrobetaine concentrations were positively associated with fasting insulin level.
Why this rating
Based on the prospective cohort study design.
Source
Association of Trimethylamine<i>N</i>-Oxide and Related Metabolites in Plasma and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Rozenn N. Lemaître et al. · JAMA Network Open · 2021
DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22844
cohort · n=4442Cited 69×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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